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Title: Section 1904 • Size: 7463
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SECTION 1904 - DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
1904.0 Notation.
=
specified compressive strength of concrete, psi (MPa).
1904.1 Water-Cementitious
Materials Ratio.
1904.1.1 The
water-cementitious materials ratios specified in Tables 19-A-2
and 19-A-3 shall be calculated using the weight of cement plus
the weight of fly ash and pozzolans and slag, if any.
1904.2 Freezing and Thawing
Exposures.
1904.2.1 Normal-weight
and lightweight concrete exposed to freezing and thawing or deicer
chemicals shall be air entrained with air content indicated in
Table 19-A-1. Tolerance on air content as delivered shall be ±
1.5 percent. For specified compressive strength 
greater than 5,000 psi (34.47 MPa), air content indicated in
Table 19-A-1 may be reduced by 1 percent.
1904.2.2 Concrete
that will be subjected to the exposures given in Table 19-A-2
shall conform to the corresponding maximum water-cementitious
materials ratios and minimum specified concrete compressive strength
requirements of that table. In addition, concrete that will be
exposed to deicing chemicals shall conform to the limitations
of Section 1904.2.3.
1904.2.3 For
concrete exposed to deicing chemicals, the maximum weight of fly
ash, other pozzolans or slag that is included in the calculation
of water-cementitious materials ratio shall not exceed the following
percentages of the total weight of portland cement plus fly ash,
other pozzolans and slag.
1904.2.3.1 The
combined weight of fly ash and other pozzolans shall not exceed
25 percent of the total weight of cementitious materials. The
fly ash and other pozzolans present in a Type IP or IPM blended
cement shall be included in the calculated percentage.
1904.2.3.2 The
weight of slag shall not exceed 50 percent of the total weight
of cementitious materials. The slag used in the manufacture of
Type IP or IPM blended hydraulic cement shall be included in the
calculated percentage.
1904.2.3.3 If
fly ash or other pozzolans are used in concrete with slag, the
portland cement constituent shall not be less than 50 percent
of the total weight of cementitious materials. Fly ash or other
pozzolans shall constitute no more than 25 percent of the total
weight of cementitious materials.
1904.3 Sulfate Exposure.
1904.3.1 Concrete
to be exposed to sulfate-containing solutions or soils shall conform
to the requirements of Table 19-A-3 or shall be concrete made
with a cement that provides sulfate resistance and that has a
maximum water-cementitious materials ratio and minimum compressive
strength set forth in Table 19-A-3.
1904.3.2 Calcium
chloride as an admixture shall not be used in concrete to be exposed
to severe or very severe sulfate-containing solutions, as defined
in Table 19-A-3.
1904.4 Corrosion Protection
of Reinforcement.
1904.4.1 For
corrosion protection, maximum water soluble chloride ion concentrations
in hardened concrete at ages from 28 to 42 days contributed from
the ingredients, including water, aggregates, cementious materials
and admixtures shall not exceed the limits of Table 19-A-4.
1904.4.2 When
reinforced concrete will be exposed to deicing salts, brackish
water, sea water or spray from these sources, requirements
of Table 19-A-2 for water-cementitious materials ratio and concrete
strength and the minimum concrete cover requirements of Section
1907.7 shall be satisfied.
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